They may also believe that things aren’t real, as though their surroundings are distorted or time is speeding up or slowing down. Patients who have this disorder feel they are observing themselves from outside their own body. The separation from oneself, one’s surroundings, or both describes the altered state of depersonalization/derealization disorder. The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences labels clinical lycanthropy as a type of delusional misidentification syndrome. For instance, people may act like wolves and be found in forests and wooded areas. During this delusion or hallucination, affected individuals can act like the animal. People with clinical lycanthropy believe that they can take the form of any particular animal. It is often associated with turning into a wolf or werewolf the name of the syndrome originates from the mythical condition of lycanthropy, or shapeshifting into wolves. Clinical LycanthropyĬlinical lycanthropy involves a delusion that the affected person can transform into an animal. “Thinking too much” is a common idiom of distress and cultural explanation across many countries and ethnic groups, including Africa, the Caribbean, and Latin America, and among East Asian and Native American groups. As an idiom, it is indicative of interpersonal and social difficulties. As a cultural expression, it is considered to be causative to anxiety, depression, and somatic problems (e.g., “my heart is painful because I think too much”). Kufungisisa involves ruminating on upsetting thoughts, particularly worries. In many cultures, “thinking too much” is considered to be damaging to the mind and body, causing specific symptoms like headaches and dizziness. KufungisisaĪnother cultural syndrome in the DSM-5 is Kufungisisa, or “thinking too much.” It is found among the Shona people of Zimbabwe. Khyâl cap is an example of a cultural syndrome, or a syndrome that tends to co-occur among individuals in specific cultural groups, communities, or contexts. It involves a great fear that death might occur from bodily dysfunction. A study in Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry found that Cambodian refugees with posttraumatic stress disorder often complain of these attacks. They may occur without warning, and these attacks usually meet the criteria for panic attacks. These attacks are centered on khyâl, a wind-like substance, rising in the body and the blood, causing a range of serious effects. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition ( DSM-V), common symptoms are similar to those of panic attacks, including dizziness, palpitations, shortness of breath, and cold extremities, along with symptoms of anxiety and autonomic arousal, such as tinnitus and neck soreness. Khyâl cap or “wind attacks” is a syndrome found among Cambodians in the United States and Cambodia. Rare Mental Health Conditions 1.Khyâl Cap Here are five of the rarer mental health conditions. However, some conditions are so rare that mental health professionals may never encounter them. Mental illnesses like depression are the third most common cause of hospitalization in the United States among people ages 18 to 44.ĭisorders such as anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder are relatively well-understood. In fact, an estimated 50% of all Americans are diagnosed with a mental illness or disorder at some point in the lifetime. There is hope for future pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies to alleviate this socially disastrous condition.Mental health issues in the United States are very common, affecting millions of Americans. We should definitely intervene earlier, before patients refuse any help, and when the syndrome is supposedly milder, to improve our clinical knowledge, follow patients prospectively, experiment hypothesis in laboratory settings, and launch randomized controlled trials for treatments. From a neurocognitive standpoint, frontal vulnerability certainly disrupts normal decision-making processes, explaining squalor, pathological hoarding, and lack of insight but we need to better understand the connection between the main symptoms and the neural underpinning of the full syndrome. Known for more than 40 years mainly by geriatricians, psychiatrists, nurses or social workers and more recently by forensic specialists, the fine grained mechanisms of the syndrome are still incompletely understood. DS is a clinically complex transnosographic syndrome for which multidimensional approaches need to be considered: medical, psychiatric, neurological, social, scientific, and ethical. DS can be secondary when associated to psychosis or bipolar disorder, or primary when it occurs as a single entity, usually in the elderly. Diogenes syndrome (DS) is not a specific disease but a real neurobehavioral syndrome, characterized by severe domestic squalor, pathological hoarding, lack of insight into the condition, and no need for help.
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